Socioecology Research Today

We present results that improve the estimates of the global net sea-to-air flux, global oceanic emission, global oceanic uptake, and partial atmospheric lifetime of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) with respect to oceanic loss. This study includes improved parameterizations for solubility and saturation anomaly-sea surface temperature relationships for CH3Cl, along with the use of an updated gas [...]

Land-use change between forestry and agriculture can cause large net emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2), and the respective land uses associated with forest and pasture lead to different on-going emission rates of methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O) and different surface albedo. Here, we quantify the overall net radiative forcing and consequent temperature change from [...]

The review starts with the quantification of various OAs used in agriculture that include manures, biosolids, and crop residues along with their role in improving soil health. Then, it discusses four major OA induced-GHG emission processes (i.e., priming effect, methanogenesis, nitrification, and denitrification) by highlighting the impact of OA application on GHG emission from soil. [...]

The rapid development of aquaculture could result in significant environmental concerns such as eutrophication and climate change. However, to date, very few studies have been conducted to investigate nitrogen transformations in aquaculture systems; and specifically the emission of nitrous oxide (N2O), which is an important greenhouse gas and ozone-depleting substance. In this study, nitrogen transformations [...]

Concerns regarding global warming and energy security have increased the importance of decreasing emissions of CO2 from vehicles. Diesel vehicles have higher fuel economy and lower CO2 emissions than their gasoline counterparts. On a well-to-wheels per vehicle per km basis it has been estimated that diesel light-duty vehicles in 2015 will emit 14–27% less CO2 [...]

This paper identifies trends in new gasoline and diesel passenger car characteristics in the European Union between 1995 and 2009. By 2009 diesels had captured over 55% of the new vehicle market. While the diesel version of a given car model may have as much as 35% lower fuel use/km and 25% lower CO2 emissions [...]

Stable isotopes were used to determine the sources and fate of dissolved inorganic C (DIC) in the circumneutral pH drainage from an abandoned bituminous coal mine in western Pennsylvania. The C isotope signatures of DIC (δ13CDIC) were intermediate between local carbonate and organic C sources, but were higher than those of contemporaneous Pennsylvanian age groundwaters [...]

To reduce the costs of fossil fuel consumption (non-renewable source), the technique of co-processing has been employed for introducing alternative fuels as part of the manufacturing process. This technique provides a lower cost of production, introducing fuel waste from different industrial activities, besides contributing to the reduction of environmental liabilities; they generate waste when discarded [...]

In the present study, the NO and N2O formation characteristics during combustion of five biomass fuels (rice straw, wheat straw, corn stalk, sugarcane leaf, and eucalyptus bark) and one bituminous coal, as a comparison, were investigated in a horizontal fixed-bed reactor. It showed that there was still a considerable degree of N2O conversion for biomass [...]

Biodiesels (fatty acid methyl esters) derived from oleaginous microbes (microalgae, yeast, and bacteria) are being actively pursued as potential renewable substitutes for petroleum diesel. Here, we report the engine performance characteristics of biodiesel produced from a microalgae (Chaetoceros gracilis), a yeast (Cryptococcus curvatus), and a bacteria (Rhodococcus opacus) in a two-cylinder diesel engine outfitted with [...]